A History of The Rolling Stones

The longest-performing rock band of all time, the Rolling Stones have greatly influenced rock and roll throughout the decades. Beginning as part of the British Rock Invasion of the 1960s, the Rolling Stones quickly became the â€Å"bad-boy† band with an image of sex, drugs, and wild behavior. After five decades together, the Rolling Stones have amassed eight #1 singles and ten consecutive gold albums. Dates: 1962-Present Also Known As: The Stones Original Members: Mick Jagger - lead vocals, harmonicaKeith Richards - guitar, backing vocalsCharlie Watts - drumsBrian Jones - guitar, harmonica, sitar, backing vocalsIan Stewart - pianoBill Wyman - bass guitar, backing vocals Current Members: Mick Jagger - lead vocals, harmonicaKeith Richards – guitarCharlie Watts – drumsRon Wood - bass guitar Overview   The Rolling Stones were a British band, begun in the early 1960s, influenced by American rhythm and blues artists such as Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Fats Domino, as well as jazz musician Miles Davis. However, the Rolling Stones eventually created their own sound by experimenting with instruments and writing rhythm and blues mixed with rock and roll. When the Beatles hit international stardom in 1963, the Rolling Stones were right on their heels. While the Beatles became known as the good-boy band (influencing pop rock), the Rolling Stones became known as the bad-boy band (influencing blues-rock, hard rock, and grunge bands). Important Friendships In the early 1950s, Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were elementary-school classmates in Kent, England, until Jagger went to a different school. Nearly a decade later, their friendship was rekindled after a chance encounter at a train station in 1960. While Jagger was on his way to the London School of Economics where he was studying accounting, Richards was commuting to Sidcup Art College where he was studying graphic art. Discovering the Music Since Jagger had a couple of Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records under his arm when they met, talk quickly turned to music. They discovered that Jagger had been singing adolescent â€Å"love frustration† songs in underground clubs in London while Richards had been playing the guitar since the age of 14. The two young men once again became friends, creating a partnership that has kept the Rolling Stones together for decades. Looking for an outlet to try out their musical talent, Jagger and Richards, plus another young musician named Brian Jones, began to occasionally play in a band named Blues Incorporated—the first electric RB band in Britain, formed by Alexis Korner in 1961. The band embraced aspiring young musicians with an interest in this type of music, allowing them to perform in cameo appearances. This is where Jagger and Richards met Charlie Watts, who was the drummer for Blues Incorporated. Forming the Band Soon, Brian Jones decided to start his own band. To get started, Jones placed an advertisement in Jazz News on May 2, 1962, inviting musicians to audition for a new RB group. Pianist Ian â€Å"Stu† Stewart was the first to respond. Then Jagger, Richards, Dick Taylor (bass guitar), and Tony Chapman (drums) joined as well. According to Richards, Jones named the band while on the phone trying to book a gig. When asked for a band name, Jones glanced down at a Muddy Waters LP, saw one of the tracks named â€Å"Rollin’ Stone Blues† and said, â€Å"Rollin’ Stones.† The new band, named Rollin’ Stones and led by Jones, played their first performance at the Marquee Club in London on July 12, 1962. The Rollin’ Stones soon secured a residency at the Crawdaddy Club, bringing in younger audiences who were looking for something new and exciting. This new sound, a renaissance of blues performed by young British musicians, had kids standing on the tables, rocking, dancing, and shouting to the sound of electric guitars with a provocative singer. Bill Wyman (bass guitar, backing vocals) joined in December 1962, replacing Dick Taylor who went back to college. Wyman wasn’t their first choice, but he had an amplifier the band desired. Charlie Watts (drums) joined the following January, replacing Tony Chapman who left for another band. The Rolling Stones Cut a Record Deal In 1963, the Rollin’ Stones signed with a manager named Andrew Oldham, who had been helping to promote the Beatles. Oldham saw the Rollin’ Stones as the â€Å"anti-Beatles† and decided to promote their bad-boy image to the press. Oldham also changed the spelling of the band’s name by adding a â€Å"g,† making it â€Å"Rolling Stones† and changed Richards’ last name to Richard (which Richard later changed back to Richards). Also in 1963, the Rolling Stones cut their first single, Chuck Berry’s â€Å"Come On.† The song hit #21 on the UK singles chart. The Stones appeared on the TV show, Thank Your Lucky Stars, to perform the song while wearing matching houndstooth jackets to appease television producers. Their second hit single, â€Å"I Wanna Be Your Man,† written by the Lennon-McCartney songwriting duo of the Beatles, reached #12 on the UK chart. Their third single, Buddy Holly’s â€Å"Not Fade Away,† hit #3 on the same chart. This was their first American hit that went to #48 on the American chart. Parents Hate the Stones The press turned an eye toward the Rolling Stones, a group of brash punks upsetting the status quo by playing black music to young white audiences. A March 1964 article in the British weekly Melody Maker titled, â€Å"Would You Let Your Sister Go With a Stone,† created such a stir that 8,000 kids showed up at the Rolling Stones’ next gig. The band decided the press was good for their popularity and thus purposely started shenanigans such as growing their hair and wearing casual, mod-style (modified) suits to receive more media attention. The Rolling Stones Roll into America Becoming too big to perform in clubs by early 1964, the Rolling Stones went on a British tour. In June 1964, the band rolled into America to perform concerts and to record at Chess Studios in Chicago as well as the Hollywood RCA Studios, where they captured the vibrant, earthy sound they desired due to better acoustics. Their American concert in San Bernardino, California, was well received by excited schoolboys and screaming schoolgirls, even without a major hit record in the States. But the Midwest concerts proved spotty because no one had heard of them. Crowds picked up again at the New York concert. Once back in Europe, the Rolling Stones released their fourth single, Bobby Womack’s â€Å"It’s All Over Now,† which they had recorded in America at Chess Studios. A fanatical Stones cult began to form after the song hit #1 on the UK charts. It was their very first #1 hit. Jagger and Richards Start Writing Songs Oldham urged Jagger and Richards to start writing their own songs, but the duo found that writing blues was harder than they expected. Instead, they ended up writing a type of morphed blues-rock, a hybrid of blues with a heavier melody than improvisation. On their second trip to America in October 1964, the Rolling Stones performed on the Ed Sullivan TV show, changing the words to â€Å"Let’s Spend the Night Together† (written by Richards and Jagger) to â€Å"Let’s Spend Some Time Together† due to censorship. That same month they appeared in the concert film the T.A.M.I. Show in Santa Monica, California, with James Brown, the Supremes, Chuck Berry, and the Beach Boys. Both venues greatly improved their American exposure and Jagger began to mimic the moves of James Brown. Their Mega Hit The Rolling Stones’ 1965 mega-hit, â€Å"(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction,† with Richards’ fuzz-guitar riff designed to imitate the sound of a horn section, hit #1 worldwide. Their musical attitude, a mixture of rebellion and irreverence using urgent guitars, tribal drums, forceful harmonicas, and sexually tensed vocals, seduced the young and alarmed the old. When the Rolling Stones had another #1 hit, â€Å"Paint It Black,† the following year, they had begun to secure their rock-star status. Although Brian Jones had started the band, the leadership of the Rolling Stones shifted to Jagger and Richards once they had proved themselves to be a strong songwriting team. Drugs, Death, and Citations By 1967, the members of the Rolling Stones were living like rock-stars, which meant they were abusing a lot of drugs. It was in that year that Richards, Jagger, and Jones were all charged with possession of drugs (and given suspended sentences). Unfortunately, Jones was not only addicted to drugs; his mental health spiraled out of control. By 1969, the rest of the band members could no longer tolerate Jones, so he left the band on June 8. Just a few weeks later, Jones drowned in his swimming pool on July 2, 1969. By the late 1960s, the Rolling Stones had become the bad boys they had once promoted themselves to be. Their concerts from this period, filled with teenagers from the growing counterculture movement (young people experimenting with communal living, music, and drugs), were raucous enough to lead to a number of citations against the Rolling Stones for causing concert violence. Jagger’s Nazi goose-stepping onstage didn’t help. Rolling Stones Gather No Moss in the 70s, 80s, and 90s By the early 1970s, the Rolling Stones were a controversial group, banned from many countries and exiled from Britain in 1971 for not paying their taxes. The Stones fired their manager Allen Klein (who had taken over from Oldham in 1966) and started their own record label, Rolling Stones Records. The Rolling Stones continued to write and record music, mixing in punk and disco genres inspired by new band member Ron Woods. Richards was arrested in Toronto for heroin trafficking, resulting in legal limbo for 18 months; he was subsequently sentenced to perform a benefit concert for the blind. Richards then quit heroin. During the early 1980s, the band experimented with the new-wave genre, but members began to pursue solo careers due to creative differences. Jagger wanted to continue experimenting with contemporary sounds, and Richards wanted to stay rooted in blues. Ian Stewart suffered a fatal heart attack in 1985. In the late 80s, The Rolling Stones realized they were stronger together. They chose to reunite and announced a new album. By the end of the decade, the Rolling Stones were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. In 1993, Bill Wyman announced his retirement. The Stones’ Voodoo Lounge album won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 1995 and prompted a world tour. Jagger and Richards agreed that their drifting in the 80s attributed to their success in the 90s. They believe that had they stayed together, they would have broken up. The Stones Keep On Rollin into the New Millennium The Rolling Stones have endured waxing and waning popularity over the decades. While band members are now in their sixties and seventies in the new millennium, they still perform, tour, and record. In 2003, Jagger was knighted to Sir Michael Jagger, causing another riff between himself and Richards, especially, according to Richards, because the band’s message had always been anti-establishment. There was also a public outcry that questioned the appropriateness of knighting a former British tax exile. Documentaries regarding the band’s exceptionally long and controversial career capture the counterculture movement, perfecting the technology of recording records, and flamboyantly performing to live audiences. The band’s lips and tongue logo, designed by John Pasche in the 70s (a symbol of their anti-establishment message), is one of the most identifiable band icons in the world. Sources and Further Reading Booth, Stanley. The True Adventures of the Rolling Stones. New York: Vintage Books, 1985.  Ã‚  Hetrick, Hans. The Rolling Stones: Pushing Rocks Boundaries. Stevens Point WI: Capstone Press, 2005.  Nelson, Murry R. The Rolling Stones: A Musical Biography.Santa Barbara CA: Greenwood, 2010.

Comparison Between John Smith and William Bradford

Analysis of A Description of New England by John Smith The author John Smith, a pilgrim who arrived to the Americas, wrote a description of the new land in his book â€Å" A Description of New England †. In this book Smith shows a wonderful world of vast food and pleasure. Also, William Bradford another pilgrim who arrived to Plymouth on the coast of Massachusetts, wrote a book called â€Å" Of Plymouth Plantation † in which he describes what really happened, how the pilgrims actually lived. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast both authors and their books. John Smith wrote about the wonderful place the New World was, on the other hand, William Bradford wrote about the realities and difficulties of the New World. In â€Å" A†¦show more content†¦Smith’s intention for his audience is that the new land is everything you can wish for without a single fight. Smith starts by describing the content and pleasure that risking your life for getting your own piece of land brings to people. He is luring his audience in by telling that it is a wonderful world of vast food and gratification. Smith wants his audience to be more of the joyful individuals who look for the good in every... In Washington Irving’s â€Å"Rip Van Winkle,† an allegorical reading can be seen. The genius of Irving shines through, in not only his representation in the story, but also in his ability to represent both sides of the hot political issues of the day. Because it was written during the revolutionary times, Irving had to cater to a mixed audience of Colonists and Tories. The reader’s political interest, whether British or Colonial, is mutually represented allegorically in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle,† depending on who is reading it. Irving uses Rip, Dame, and his setting to relate these allegorical images on both sides. Irving would achieve success in both England and America, in large part because his political satires had individual allegorical meanings. In an English interpretation, one could see Rip Van Winkle as the mother country or England. Rip is â€Å"a kind neighbor, and an obedient hen-pecked husband .† (430) To an English citizen reading this story, it could easily represent the English monarchy. For years before theShow MoreRelatedThe New World : A Slave Through The Middle Passage1679 Words   |  7 PagesInteresting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, John Smith in The General History of Virginia, and William Bradford in Of Plymouth Plantation. Olaudah Equiano is a slave through the Middle Passage as a child and spends ten years of his life being traded from owner to owner in Barbados. John Smith is one of the men to lead the first set of colonists to the New World and to establish the first settlement in Jamestown, Virginia. 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Supervisors could not know everything about the planning and performance of the work; therefore functional specialistsRead MoreDebt vs. Equity and Asymmetric Information: a Review16933 Words   |  68 Pagesthere has been considerable research in this area since then, especially on the empirical side. We revisit and update the topic in this article. We do not review asymmetric information topics other than 1 those related to the basic choice between debt and equity, nor do we review capital structure topics other than those related directly to asymmetric information. Our review updates the discussion of the choice of debt versus equity in an asymmetric information environment by using a broadRead MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 PagesIndeed, we view ourselves as innovative traditionalists. We don’t aim to radically transform accounting education, but instead to make it more effective. 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Positive aspects of tourism Free Essays

The rise in tourism has occured for many reasons.My first example is; over the past few years an incresseing amount of people in More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC’S) have much more time and money to spend. Because of this, more people in MEDC’S can spend more time and money going on holiday. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive aspects of tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now My second example is that transport has been made much more comfortable, cheaper and quicker to use which has made more people pursaded to travel, because lots of places in the world can now be reached easily. My third point is that Tourists might want ot learn about new cutures and other, different life styles which might incresse the amount of toursim. My fourth and final point is that most holidays come in â€Å"package holidays† or â€Å"family packs† which are usally much cheaper, which will pursaded more people to go on holiday. There are many positive aspects of tourism.For instance, some Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDC’S) see tourism as a way to make there country more devloped so that they can become a more economically developed country, this connectes to the fact that tourism can help LEDC’S build there education system e.g. money to build schools, money for teachers, schools, collage or university. Tourism can help LEDC’S medically e.g. hospitals, money for medcine and treatment, hospital equipment, doctors and nurses and the money to build hospitals. My second point is that tourism in LEDC’S can help more people get jobs aand get more money in the country. Another good aspect of tourism would be that; local teenagers can become independant of there families by getting jobs, and providing money for themselves. Unfortunatley, there are many negative appects of tourism as well, which include; tourists may not respect local customs trodictions, which might offened the local people and other people living in that country. Also the rules in a diffrent country or place might be diffrent to what the tourists is ued to so they might end up offemding or even brakin the law! Even though the country gets money not all of it is atually spent on the country, most of it is atually spent in hotels, which is usally owened by foreign countries. Another bad aspect is that the World Trade Reasurchers Organization (WTRO) have shown that the curren pattern of world trade is not making a diffrence. It showed that LEDC’S are not gettig any richer some have even shown that LEDC’S are getting porrer becuse of the money spent of facilites e.g tourist attractions (buildings-e.x hotels) . Another bad point is that tourusm can lead to crime rate incresses by up to a whooping 49.83% this is almost half! t he crime rate is a big issue and is some times uncontrollable. Tourism is managed in diffrent ways. Here are some examples: in Bostwana they have sustanable tourism, this provides jobs and opportunities for the people there without destroying there lifestyles or the enviroment for the future people and animals of Bostwana. They do this by letting tourist experice troditional activities e.g weaving cloth. This is sustanable and it gets more money in the country that can be put to good use e.g farming-for crops/food and there education-money can be put to schooling so more people can go to school. Another example of sustanible tourism is in Tanzania (east Africa) they have sustaible tourism as well e.g they have a national safrai park (Serengeti national park). this is sustanable because they do not harm the amimals as they are kept in wide vast open space to roam about freely, the vewier and tourists always see them from a distance, never to close to startle them. this means they are not harming the amimals in any way, so it is sustaible. In conclusion, I think tourism can be good only if it is sustanible, for example- what they are doing in Bostwana but not if it is unsustanble for example-what they are doing in a place in spain which is ruining ther beach in the end int wont be worth it.but over all i think tourism is good only if sustanible. How to cite Positive aspects of tourism, Papers

Relevancy Of Tax Issues Regarding Of Borrowing †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Relevancy Of Tax Issues Regarding Of Borrowing. Answer: The present case is based on the relevancy of tax issues regarding different kinds of borrowing. There are certain differences present relating to the two terms such as the borrowing and taxation respectively (Alley, Bentley and James 2014). The most common distinction regarding borrowing denotes mechanisms that allocate every person certain freedom to choose their own preferable time regarding the downward adjustment. Taxation is just a link by which an adjustment regarding the borrowing process can be done immediately. It facilitates the process of borrowing to carry on. In case of borrowing, a person could get certain alternatives. He can reduce the spending ratio and buy bonds. In this way, he can make a balance between the public debts (Hatoss 2016). The borrowing can be divided into several parts: overdrafts, credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, payday loans and unregulated loans. Among these borrowing the personal loan is considered as unsecured and the others are secured in nature. In the provinces of Australia, the various types of borrowings are regulated by the tax laws. In this paper two types of borrowings are being mentioned. These are the mortgages and the personal loan. The former is the secured borrowing and the other one is the unsecured borrowing (Makin, Narayan and Narayan 2014). Certain tax issues are cropped up regarding the mortgage. Mortgage will help to reduce the tax obligation of Federal and State levels. It will also help to develop the cash flow system. In case of high-tax jurisdiction, the borrowing cost should be effective. Mortgage is a secured borrowing and therefore, the interest in mortgage is deductible if the loan proceeds to acquire developments in the property. Equity loans are attached with the term mortgage and certain tax reducibility are applicable on the mortgages and equity loan amount up to $1 million. On the other hand, personal loan is an unsecured borrowing. Personal loans are taken to meet the self demands. Certain processes are needed to receive the loan. The base of the loan is depending on the income level, the repayment capacity and the employment history of the borrower (McClure, Lanis and Govendir 2016). The imposition of the tax is depending on the loan amount. The tax benefits concept is not attached to the concept of personal borrowing, however, on certain personal loan, the income tax rate can be deducted. Proper receipt furnishing are also important to get the tax benefits. References: Alley, C., Bentley, D. and James, S., 2014. Politics and tax reform: A comparative analysis of the implementation of a broad-based consumption tax in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom.RevenueLaw Journal,24(1), p.52. Hatoss, A., 2016. Lexical Borrowing in the Speech of First-Generation Hungarian Immigrants in Australia.SAGE Open,6(3), p.2158244016669552. Makin, A.J., Narayan, P.K. and Narayan, S., 2014. What expenditure does Anglosphere foreign borrowing fund?.Journal of International Money and Finance,40, pp.63-78. McClure, R., Lanis, R. and Govendir, B., 2016. Analysis of Tax Avoidance Strategies of Top Foreign Multinationals Operating in Australia: An Expose.

Ordinary People Essays - English-language Films, Lake Forest

Ordinary People Psychology 490 Ordinary People provides a poignant and insightful look inside a family in crisis. Families come in many forms and are a complex structure comprised of individuals. When families are functioning properly, they work together toward common goals. And when families are in dysfunction, it can be a painfully detrimental experience that can either bring them closer together or drive them further apart, sometimes permanently. In terms of Walshs Dimensions, the family depicted in Ordinary People is identified through the factual element. The obvious family crisis of Buckys death has placed great strain on the family. The familys status comes into play at this point in terms of how the Mother likes to keep up appearances. She is intent on getting things back to normal if only to keep the status quo. The birth order also seems to come into play as both Conrad and his father express to the psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, that the Mother loved Bucky more because he was the eldest and first born child. From the standpoint of the individual element, each member deals with their feelings in different ways. It becomes apparent the both Mother and Conrad (initially) are incapable of dealing with their emotions. Mother glazes over her emotions so well that she becomes unable to feel love. She did not even visit her son Conrad in the psychiatric hospital the entire four months he was there following his suicide attempt. F ather overcompensates perhaps where Mother is lacking in this department. All three are using defense mechanisms in order to avoid pain or conflict. Systemically, the family is far from homeostasis. Although grief is a difficult process, it is still in fact a process, whereas the family needs to move on and adjust. This has not been able to happen perhaps because of their lack of communication. The extent of any real communication is usually an outburst. And to this end, from an ethical sense, the outburst is followed by a party symbolically walking away, representing their many unsettled accounts. They appear to stay together out of obligation more than happiness. According to McMasters Model of Family Functioning, the family must be looked at as a whole in order to understand behavior and patterns shape the behavior therein. This is mainly the problem with this family, as it seems each in acting in isolation. In this instance, the Hazardous Task Area would be in effect as a result of the boating accident resulting in Buckys death. The Jarrett family is faced with a problem of an affective nature, and I do not think they implemented any problem solving techniques. Beth was in denial that any real problem existed with her behavior and was resistant to change. From that starting point it would have been almost impossible to find solutions or alternatives. The communication was masked and indirect, at least until the end when Beth decides to leave; this is when Calvin and Conrad begin to have open and effective dialogue, complete and with expression. The Jarretts have clearly been able to master the provision of resources role, and some parts of personal development and management of family systems. However, the implementation of these areas has only been successful where the surface is concerned. It seems all emotional progress stopped when Bucky died, if it was ever truly there to begin with. The familial roles are misaligned, especially where Beth is concerned. She, as mother, is supposed to show support and nurturance but finds herself unwilling or unable to do so. Additionally, the family did not display a normal affective response to Buckys death. At his funeral, Calvin noted that Beth was more concerned with what he was wearing than with facing her loss. He also points out that neither Beth nor Conrad cried at the ceremony. Their involvement with one another seems devoid of feelings and more of an intellectual nature. In accordance with the Family Life Cycle perspective, the Jarretts are going through a major unpredictable life event. Conrad begins to seek help to deal with this emotional transition by seeing Dr. Berger. Initially he requests a pill to cure him as he, like Beth, does to want to feel anything. What he fails to realize

Liberal reforms essays

Liberal reforms essays In this essay I will show to what extent the Liberal Government of 1906 to 1914 set up a welfare state in Britain, why they were so concerned with the health of the nation, what reforms they introduced in order to improve the nations health and why this was a period of major reform in Britain. A welfare state is a state with social services controlled or financed by the Government. These service aim to protect societys weakest members from the cradle to the grave. As Beveriage described it, a welfare state is the provision of services for the prevention of disease, squalor, want, idleness and ignorance. (1) The social reforms seemed to run counter to the laissez-faire individualist ideology of the nineteenth century Liberal party. This held to the view that the less state regulation the better. In the 1906 general election the Liberal party won a landslide victory on the basis, not of a programme of social reform, but in defence of free trade. This was a traditional Liberal policy, which was challenged by the unionists adoption of tariff reform or protection as a response to the rise of foreign competition. The Liberals success was due to the identification in the public mind of free trade with cheap food. For a variety of reasons it seems likely that whichever party had won the 1906 election, a number of social reforms would have been passed. There were changing attitudes to poverty. Instead of moral judgements which attributed poverty to idleness or drunkenness there was an increasing acceptance of economic and environmental explanations. At the beginning of the twentieth century a series of social enquires showed the extent of poverty in Britain. In particular the social surveys of Booth and Rowntree helped to change attitudes. Charles Booth, a wealthy ship owner, carried out between 1886 and 1903 an immense investigation published in several volumes of The Life and Labour of...

LSTD303 Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LSTD303 Paper - Essay Example The issue of divorce does not only entail the end of a marriage or union between the two individuals involved, but also other relevant and complex legal issues such as the sharing of property, the custody of the children, the financing of the children’s lifestyle, among other fine legal details (Virginia State Bar, 2013). No wonder therefore, that the issue of divorce is a fundamental legal issue in the state of Virginia, where the State has provided that for any divorce to occur, there should be sufficient grounds which are to be applied as the basis. Besides the fundamental requirements regarding sufficient grounds for completing a divorce, there are also some requirements regarding the residency of the area of jurisdiction, which also informs the settling of the divorce issue between the involved parties. Therefore, the article seeks to address the fundamental questions that different individuals might have, regarding the issue of divorce in the state of Virginia, with a fo cus on the types of divorce, the required grounds for completing divorce, the property rights and how they are addressed, the award of spousal support, the custody of children and the children support obligations. Types of divorce in the State of Virginia The state of Virginia recognizes two type of divorces; divorce from bed and board or divorce from the bond of matrimony (Hofheimer, 2009). The divorce from bed and board refers to the situation where the husband and wife are legally separated from each other, and they are not allowed to remarry again. This is a qualified type of divorce, under which the parties involved can then go back to the court and petition the court to merge the divorce into a divorce from the bond of matrimony, after one year has passed from the date the two were legally separated (Virginia State Bar, 2013). On the other hand, the divorce from the bond of matrimony is the absolute form of divorce, where the links between a husband and wife are permanently se vered. Annulment is the other type of divorce, which takes the form of a legal decree that declares a marriage null and void, on the ground that such a marriage was entered under conditions of fraud, duress or coercion of one of the party (Stim, 2013). The Grounds for Divorce in the State of Virginia Under the Family Laws of the State of Virginia, it is provided that a divorce cannot just occur out of the mere agreement between the husband and wife. Under this law, it is required that sufficient ground should exist for effecting a divorce between a husband and wife, even where the two have mutually agreed to have a divorce (Gross & Callahan, 2006). The bases for the two types of divorces are provided for differently. The required grounds for completing a divorce from bed and board, as provided for in the State of Virginia, include a Willful desertion or abandonment, where the individuals involved have broken the bonds of cohabitation, and they have the intent to dessert or abandon e ach other (Virginia State Bar, 2013). Thus where sufficient grounds exist for one member of the marriage to dessert, the court will then grant the authority for the application of a divorce from bed and board. The second ground under which a divorce from bed and board can be applied is the acts of cruelty or bodily harm perpetrated by one party in the marriage, against the other (Hofheimer, 2009). Under circumstances where it is evident that one party to the marriage is capable of bodily causing harm to the other, and thus